Gestion des déchets hospitaliers et du matériel biomédical au CHU de Brazzaville

Introduction ­ but.Les déchets hospitaliers et biomédicaux représentent un réel risque sanitaire et environnemental. Le but du travail est de décrire la gestion des déchets biomédicaux dans un hôpital de Brazzaville et ainsi contribuer à l'amélioration du mode de traitement des déchets biomédicaux au sein des structures sanitaires à Brazzaville. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, observationnelle et prospective qui s'est déroulée au sein de Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Brazzaville au cours de la période allant de février a juillet 2017. Un interrogatoire a été réalisé à l'aide d'un questionnaire soumis aux agents exerçant dans les 09 départements pour évaluer les variables suivantes : typologie des déchets, le tri des déchets, le mode d'élimination, les accidents de manipulation, ainsi que le statut vaccinal de la personne. Résultats. Pour les 78 agents interrogés et en ce qui concerne les déchets tranchants, les plus fréquents étaient les seringues (83,22 %) et les lames (82,05 %). En ce qui concerne les déchets infectieux, les plus fréquents étaient les tubes (33,33 %) et en ce qui concerne les déchets assimilables aux ordures ménagères, il s'agissait avant tout de bouteilles vides (93,58 %). Il y a eu une réponse positive pour 55,12 % des agents en ce qui concerne le tri des déchets, pour 84,61 % en ce qui concerne l'incinération des déchets infectieux et pour 92,3 % en ce qui concerne l'enfouissement des déchets ménagers et assimilés. Les accidents étaient liés aux piqures pour 62,8 des répondants et parmi les répondants, seuls 21,79 avaient un statut vaccinal à jour contre le tétanos. Conclusion. Il y a une gestion inadéquate des déchets hospitaliers avec des effets potentiels néfastes sur la santé du personnel hospitalier et sur l'environnement

Analyse de la gestion des déchets biomédicaux solides au centre de consultations et de traitements odontostomatologiques du CHU de Cocody : connaissances et pratiques des assistants dentaires

Les activités hospitalières produisent divers types de déchets, parmi lesquels les déchets biomédicaux de nature complexe. Leur prise en charge relève de la gestion. Celle-ci dépend de la formation et du niveau de connaissance des acteurs de santé en matière de gestion des déchets. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'analyser la gestion des déchets biomédicaux solides au Centre de Consultations et de Traitements Odonto-Stomatologiques (CCTOS) du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Cocody. Une enquête transversale a été menée auprès des assistants dentaires. Les résultats de l'étude ont montré que 60% des assistants dentaires avait le BEPC. 66,7% n'avaient jamais été formés à la gestion des déchets biomédicaux et 53,3% ne connaissaient pas la définition d'un déchet biomédical. 60% ont affirmé l'absence de tri des déchets lors des soins. Les résultats de l'étude montrent que des efforts restent à faire afin d'améliorer la gestion des déchets biomédicaux solides au CCTOS

Healthcare Waste Management in Clinics in a Rural Health District in KwaZulu-Natal

The handling of healthcare waste (HCW) was investigated in 30 rural healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. Using a semi-structured questionnaire; interviews were carried out with the person in charge of the facility and observations were made to establish current practices in sorting; handling and disposal of HCW. It was found that improper sorting and management of HCW occurred on most sites with implications for cost; infection control and education. It is imperative therefore that improved HCW management measures be implemented and that healthcare facility staff receive appropriate and repeated training to ensure minimising risk

Medical Waste Management at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Background: The generation and handling of wastes from medically related procedures poses a potential health hazard to health workers and non health workers alike; and this has far reaching consequences for the public in areas where such wastes are disposed of carelessly. Aim: To investigate the medical waste management procedure at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and assess the knowledge of; attitudes to and practice of waste management by staff of the Hospital. Methods: A stratified random sampling method was used for this descriptive cross sectional study; using a structured questionnaire that was pre-tested; as the instrument of data collection. The respondents were directly involved with medical waste generation; handling and disposal. Data collected was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for windows software; version 12.0. Results: There was a high level of awareness among UPTH health workers of the different waste types and their hazardous nature. A majority of the respondents showed favourable attitudes towards the importance of guidelines on medical waste management and training in; and use of personal protective equipment. Also the staff avoided certain aspects of their jobs they considered risky. The study also showed that the procedure of medical wastes management i.e. generation; segregation; storage; treatment; and final disposal at the UPTH was inadequate. Conclusion: The knowledge; attitude; and practice of the UPTH members of staff regarding management of medical wastes appeared satisfactory. The procedure of wastes management at the hospital appeared inadequate. We recommend that health education on medical wastes management be aggressively pursued as a policy

Clinical Waste Management in the Context of the Kanye Community Home-Based Care Programme; Botswana

This study examines clinical waste disposal and handling in the context of a community home-based care (CHBC) programme in Kanye; southern Botswana . This qualitative study involved 10 focus group discussions with a total of 82 HIV/AIDS primary caregivers in Kanye; one-to-one interviews with the five nurses supervising the programme; and participant observation. Numerous aspects of clinical or healthcare waste management were found to be hazardous and challenging to the home-based caregivers in the Kanye CHBC programme; namely: lack of any clear policies for clinical waste management; unhygienic waste handling and disposal by home-based caregivers; including burning and burying the healthcare wastes; and the absence of pre-treatment methods; inadequate transportation facilities to ferry the waste to clinics and then to appropriate disposal sites; stigma and discrimination associated with the physical removal of clinical waste from homes or clinics; poor storage of the healthcare waste at clinics; lack of incinerators for burning clinical waste; and a high risk of contagion to individuals and the environment at all stages of managing the clinical waste

A Preliminary Inventory of Hazardous Medical Waste Disposal Systems and their Influence on Groundwater Quality in Lusaka

Water forms the basis of life and an essential prerequisite for any socio-economic development and growth. Currently; groundwater has increasingly become a comparatively cheap source of water supply for domestic and other uses in Zambia. However; in Lusaka; the aquifer is vulnerable and fragile because it is shallow and hosted by an open karst system. Since waste management practices have become increasingly inappropriate; such that some of the waste has ended up in karst caverns; there are increased threats of unhindered infiltration of leachate and contaminants to the aquifer. Medical waste constitutes one form of waste; which is inappropriately handled and disposed of in Lusaka. To check on the effects of such practices; the research team undertook mapping of healthcare centres in Lusaka; took an inventory of the types of medical wastes produced at each centre; and their methods of disposal. Seven water points located near these possible sources of pollution were sampled in Chawama; Kanyama; Matero Main; Matero Reference; Kalingalinga; Chipata and George clinics and tested for pH; conductivity; total dissolved solids; total coliforms; faecal coliforms and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as O.Results of these tests revealed that only two water points met the WHO guidelines for drinking water

Gestion des dechets des activites en soins en odontologie (etude bibliographique)

En odontologie; les dechets des activites de soins sont de deux types : 1- Les dechets menagers ou assimilables ; 2- Les dechets medicaux ou de soins .En egard de l'importance de la production de ces dechets; les risques de contamination de l'homme et de l'environnement sont multiples. La gestion des dechets des activites de soins est donc capitale; elle doit respecter les cinq etapes fondamentales de tri; de conditionnement; de collecte; de stockage; de transport jusqu'au traitement lequel se fait soit par incineration soit par enfouissement

Characterization and management of solid medical wastes in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria

Background: Medical establishment such as hospitals and research institutes generate sizable amount of hazardous waste. Health care workers; patients are at risk of acquiring infection from sharps and contamination of environment with multiple drug resistant microorganisms if wastes are not properly managed. Objectives:To characterize types and evaluate waste disposal techniques employed in the management of solid medical wastes in five selected hospitals in the Federal Capital Territory;Abuja; Methods:This was a cross section study involving the use of questionnaires; in-depth interview; meetings; discussions and participant observed strategy. It also involved the collection; sorting (segregation); identification and characterization and weighing of waste types from wards and units in the selected hospitals. Results:The average waste generation rate per bed/day was determined and found to be 2.78kg of solid waste; 26.5of the total waste was hazardous in nature.Waste segregation was found not to be practiced by any of the hospitals surveyed; 18.3of the hospitals incinerated waste in a locally built brick incinerator; 9.1bury; 36.3burn waste in open pits while 36.3dispose of a waste into municipal dumpsites. Conclusion:Waste management officers do not have formal training in waste management techniques; and hospital administrators pay very little attention to appropriate management of medical waste.Therefore; we must educate waste generators of their responsibility to properly manage the waste so that their staff; patients; environment and community is protected